Journal: Journal of neurophysiology

Article Title: Glycinergic miniature synaptic currents and receptor cluster sizes differ between spinal cord interneurons.

doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.312

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 6. Combined gephyrin-immunolabeling and electrophysiological recording in an identified ventral horn interneuron. A and B: confocal images showing a reconstruction of the top half of a Neurobiotin-filled interneuron (A) and gephyrin-immunoreactivity for the same cell (B). To increase clarity, the complement of gephyrin-ir clusters on the surface of this cell was isolated from gephyrin clusters in the neighboring neuropil using an image algorithm in Adobe Photo- shop 4.0. C and D: corresponding histograms demon- strate that this interneuron exhibited small gephyrin-ir clusters and small mIPSCs. Four example spontane- ous currents are shown in D.

Article Snippet: Neurobiotin was revealed with FITC-coupled avidin-D (dilution 1:10; Vector Labs).

Techniques: Immunolabeling, Isolation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Anthocyanins inhibit high glucose-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in db/db mice

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3378

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with GSPE enhances the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in db/db mice. The expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were determined using western blotting, and the relative intensities of the p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2 bands were normalized to the total p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, respectively. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ** P<0.01 vs. db/m group; # P<0.05 vs. db/db group. GSPE, grape seed procyanidin; p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated kinase; p-p38 MAPK, phosphorylated p38 MAPK; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; p-ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2.

Article Snippet: In order to perform western blotting analysis, membranes were hybridized with the following primary antibodies: Rabbit Bax (1:1,000; cat. no. ab7977), Bcl-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab7973), TXNIP (1:1,000; cat. no. ab86983) (all from Abcam), cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175; 1:1,000; cat. no. 9661; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), caspase-3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 19677-1-AP), thioredoxin 2 (TRX2; 1:1,000; cat. no. 13089-1-AP) (both from ProteinTech Group, Inc.), p-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182; 1:1,000; cat. no. 4092; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204; 1:1,000; cat. no. 1150), p38 MAPK (1:1,000; cat. no. 9212), ERK1/2 (1:1,000; cat. no. 1240) (all from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), and mouse antibody cytochrome c (cyt c ; 1:2,000; cat. no. sc-514435; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Anthocyanins inhibit high glucose-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in db/db mice

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3378

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with C3G suppresses HG-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in HK-2 cells. HK-2 cells were incubated with NG (5.6 mM), HG (30 mM) and HG + C3G (50 μ M, HG + C3G) and HG + SB203580 (10 μ M, HG + SB), HG + PD94059 (50 μ M, HG + PD) for 48 h. (A) Expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were determined by western blot analysis, and the relative intensities of (B) p-p38 MAPK and (C) p-ERK1/2 were normalized to total p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, respectively. (D) Apoptosis of HK-2 cells was determined via the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and (E) images were captured. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=6; magnification, ×400). ** P<0.01 vs. NG; # P<0.05 vs. HG. HG, high glucose; NG, no glucose; PD, PD94059; SB, SB203580; C3G, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside chloride; p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated kinase; p-p38 MAPK, phosphorylated p38 MAPK; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; p-ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2.

Article Snippet: In order to perform western blotting analysis, membranes were hybridized with the following primary antibodies: Rabbit Bax (1:1,000; cat. no. ab7977), Bcl-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab7973), TXNIP (1:1,000; cat. no. ab86983) (all from Abcam), cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175; 1:1,000; cat. no. 9661; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), caspase-3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 19677-1-AP), thioredoxin 2 (TRX2; 1:1,000; cat. no. 13089-1-AP) (both from ProteinTech Group, Inc.), p-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182; 1:1,000; cat. no. 4092; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204; 1:1,000; cat. no. 1150), p38 MAPK (1:1,000; cat. no. 9212), ERK1/2 (1:1,000; cat. no. 1240) (all from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), and mouse antibody cytochrome c (cyt c ; 1:2,000; cat. no. sc-514435; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Expressing, Western Blot, End Labeling, Standard Deviation